Resources – References

(5) Brooks, S. J., O′Daly, O. G., Uher, R., Friederich, H.-C., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M., … Campbell, I. C. (2011). Differential Neural Responses to Food Images in Women with Bulimia versus Anorexia Nervosa. PLoS ONE, 6(7), e22259. www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3140495/pdf/pone.0022259.pdf

(6) Cowdrey, F. A., Park, R. J., Harmer, C. J., & McCabe, C. (2011). Increased neural processing of rewarding and aversive food stimuli in recovered anorexia nervosa. Biological psychiatry, 70(8), 736-743. DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2011.05.028
www.biologicalpsychiatryjournal.com/article/S0006-3223(11)00565-8/abstract

TEC: Cared Project

Terms and Abbreviations

You can read more about some of these terms in other areas of the package.
Click on the title to see more information

AN – Anorexia Nervosa

AFT – Adolescent Focused Therapy: An individual psychotherapy with a focus of self efficacy, autonomy. Parents will have meetings with the therapist separately from the young person.

AMHS – Adult Mental Health Services

BED – Binge Eating Disorder

BN – Bulimia Nervosa

BMI – Body Mass Index: BMI is a value that comes from the weight and height of a person. It is an attempt to measure how much mass (fat, muscle, bone) is in a person which then determines if they are underweight, overweight, obese or normal weight based on the number. It is not widely used in young people under 18.

YPU/IPU – Young people’s unit or inpatient unit.

CAMHS – Child and Adolescent Mental Health Services

CBT – Cognitive Behavioural Therapy / Eating Disorder Focused Cognitive Behavioural Therapy: Structured treatment which a set amount of session focusing on the way a person processes thoughts and feelings. It aims to support a person to deal with overwhelming feelings and problems by breaking down into small parts and helps stop a person getting stuck in a “negative thinking” cycle.

CBT-ED – Cognitive Behavioural Therapy eating disorder : Structured treatment specially for eating disorders which a set amount of session focusing on the way a person processes thoughts and feelings with the focused on eating disorder behaviours. It aims to support a person to deal with overwhelming feelings and problems by breaking down into small parts and helps stop a person getting stuck in a “negative thinking” cycle.

EDNOS – Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified

FBT – Family Based Treatment: a structured treatment approach involving the whole family. It is one of the recommended treatments for anorexia and bulimia. This is the recommended first choice of treatment for children and adolescents.

IPT – Interpersonal Therapy: This approach focuses on a person’s relationships with other people and the impact this has on their eating pattern.

MANTRA – Maudsley Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adults: a treatment for adults with anorexia. The treatment involves a person working through a workbook with a practitioner with a focus on motivation, separating anorexia from identity and involved family member /carers to understand treating disorder and support the person to change the eating disorder behaviour. This is a recommended treatment for adults with anorexia

Binge eating – To eat a high amount of food in one.

Maudsley – “Maudsley” may refer to the Maudlsey Hospital in South London. The hospital is the largest mental health training institute in the UK. Many eating disorder specialists are attached to the hospital.
The “Maudsley Approach” is Family Based Treatment.
The “New Maudlsey Approach” – is a collaborative carer approach developed by Janet Treasure and Colleagues.

The Matrix – Is a guide aimed at psychologists in Scotland that supports them to deliver evidence based psychological therapies.

MHA – Mental Health Act

OSFED – Other Specified Feeding and Eating Disorder

Purging – this is something that is often done after a binge. A person can “purge” themselves through: self-induced vomiting, misuse of laxatives, diuretics, or enemas.

Recovery – a clinician may talk about your loved one being in recovery –they are aiming for the young person to maintain a normal weight range with minimal eating disorder thoughts and behaviours . Recovery to you and your loved one may mean more than just this.

SSCM – Specialist Supportive Clinical Management: a treatment for adults to assess identify and review key issues and problems. This is a recommended treatment for adults with eating disorders.

W4h – Weight for Height; this is a measure used by clinicians in child and adolescent mental health services. It works out more accurately what a person’s expected weight/weight range should be. This is a measure only used in young people under the age of 18.

(14) Depestele, L., Lemmens, G. M. D., Dierckx, E., Baetens, I., Schoevaerts, K., and Claes, L. (2016) The Role of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Binge-Eating/Purging Behaviours in the Caregiving Experience Among Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents with Eating Disorders. Eur. Eat. Disorders Rev., 24: 257–260. doi: 10.1002/erv.2428.
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/515350/1/experiencesNSSI_BP_revision.pdf

(15) Whitney, J., Murray, J., Gavan, K., Todd, G., Whitaker, W., and Treasure, J., (2005) Experience of caring for someone with anorexia nervosa: qualitative study The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187 (5) 444-449; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.187.5.444
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/187/5/444.full

Beat (2015) Pwc report: “The costs of eating disorders Social, health and economic impacts“ https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/uploads/documents/2017/10/the-costs-of-eating-disorders-final-original.pdf

(3) Steiger, H., Young, S. N., Ng Ying Kin, N. M. K., Koerner, N., Israel, M., Lageix, P., & Paris, J. (2001). Implications of impulsive and affective symptoms for serotonin function in bulimia nervosa. Psychological Medicine, 31(01), 85-95.
https://www.researchgate.net/profile/Simon_Young3/publication/ 12130141_Implications_of_impulsive_and_affective_symptoms_for_serotonin_function_in_ bulimia_nervosa/links /0deec5177f8e19e015000000/Implications-of-impulsive-and-affective-symptoms-for-serotonin-function-in-bulimia-nervosa.pdf

(4) Haedt-Matt, A. A., & Keel, P. K. (2011). Revisiting the affect regulation model of binge eating: A meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment. Psychological bulletin, 137(4), 660. doi: 10.1037/a0023660
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100657/

(23) Slater, J., Treasure, J., Schmidt, U., Gilchrist, P., (2015) A Pilot Study of Associations Between Treatment for Anorexia Nervosa and Carers’ Distress. Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy. Vol. 22, pp. 372–376

(22) Hibbs, R., Magill, N., Goddard., Rhind, C., Raenker, S., (2015) Clinical effectiveness of a skills training intervention for caregivers in improving patient and caregiver health following in-patient treatment for severe anorexia nervosa: pragmatic randomised controlled trial. British Journal of Psychiatry. Vol. 1, No. 1, pp. 56-66; DOI: 10.1192/bjpo.bp.115.000273

Hibbs, R., Rhind, C., Leppanen, J., Treasure, J., (2015) Interventions for Caregivers of Someone with an Eating Disorder: A Meta-Analysis. International Journal of Eating Disorders. Vol. 48, pp. 349–361.

(11) Frank, G. K., Shott, M. E., Hagman, J. O., & Mittal, V. A. (2013). Taste Reward Circuitry Related Brain Structures Characterize Ill and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(10), 1152–1160. http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12101294
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789862/pdf/nihms-490208.pdf

(13) Coleman, JC (2011), The Nature of Adolescence, 4th Edition, Taylor and Francis, Florence. Available from: ProQuest Ebook Central. [6 October 2017].

(12) Kelly L. Klump, (2013) Puberty as a critical risk period for eating disorders: A review of human and animal studies, In Hormones and Behavior, Volume 64, Issue 2, 2013, Pages 399-410, ISSN 0018-506X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yhbeh.2013.02.019.
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0018506X13000548

(10) R oberto, C. A., Mayer, L. E. S., Brickman, A. M., Barnes, A., Muraskin, J., Yeung, L.-K., … Walsh, B. T. (2011). Brain Tissue Volume Changes Following Weight Gain in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(5), 10.1002/eat.20840.
http://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20840
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816503/

(11) Frank, G. K., Shott, M. E., Hagman, J. O., & Mittal, V. A. (2013). Taste Reward Circuitry Related Brain Structures Characterize Ill and Recovered Anorexia Nervosa and Bulimia Nervosa. The American Journal of Psychiatry, 170(10), 1152–1160. http://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2013.12101294
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3789862/pdf/nihms-490208.pdf

(10) R oberto, C. A., Mayer, L. E. S., Brickman, A. M., Barnes, A., Muraskin, J., Yeung, L.-K., … Walsh, B. T. (2011). Brain Tissue Volume Changes Following Weight Gain in Adults with Anorexia Nervosa. The International Journal of Eating Disorders, 44(5), 10.1002/eat.20840.
http://doi.org/10.1002/eat.20840
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3816503/

(9) Frank, K. W. G., Shott, E, M., Hagman, O. J., and Yang, T. T., (2013). Localized Brain Volume and White Matter Integrity Alterations in Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry. 52(10): 1066–1075.e5. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4082770/pdf/nihms508800.pdf

(7) Kaye, W. H., Barbarich, N. C., Putnam, K., Gendall, K. A., Fernstrom, J., Fernstrom, M., McConaha, C. W. and Kishore, A. (2003), Anxiolytic effects of acute tryptophan depletion in anorexia nervosa. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 33: 257–267. doi:10.1002/eat.10135
http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/eat.10135/abstract;jsessionid=EF84DFA4A036D7FC0D16CCF27390C23E.f04t02

(8) Kaye, W. H., Wierenga, C. E., Bailer, U. F., Simmons, A. N., & Bischoff-Grethe, A. (2013). Nothing Tastes as Good as Skinny Feels: The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Trends in Neurosciences, 36(2), 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.003. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880159/pdf/nihms441412.pdf

(1) Kaye, W. H., Gwirtsman, H. E., George, D. T., & Ebert, M. H. (1991). Altered serotonin activity in anorexia nervosa after long-term weight restoration: does elevated cerebrospinal fluid 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid level correlate with rigid and obsessive behaviour? Archives of General Psychiatry, 48(6), 556. doi: 10.1001/archpsyc.1991.01810300068010

(2) Bailer, U.F., and Kaye, W. H., ( 2011) Serotonin: imaging findings in eating disorders. Behavioral Neurobiology of Eating Disorders ;6:59-79. doi: 10.1007/7854_2010_78. http://eatingdisorders.ucsd.edu/research/pub/imaging/doc/2011/BailerKaye2011_PMID21243470.pdf

(20) Grilo CM, Pagano ME, Skodol AE, et al. Natural Course of Bulimia Nervosa and of Eating Disorder Not Otherwise Specified: 5-Year Prospective Study of Remissions, Relapses, and the Effects of Personality Disorder Psychopathology. The Journal of clinical psychiatry. 2007;68(5):738-746.

(18) Couturier, J. and Lock, J. (2006), What is recovery in adolescent anorexia nervosa?. Int. J. Eat. Disord., 39: 550–555. doi:10.1002/eat.20309

(19) Adolescent-onset anorexia nervosa: 18-year outcome Elisabet Wentz, I. Carina Gillberg, Henrik Anckarsäter, Christopher Gillberg, Maria Råstam The British Journal of Psychiatry Feb 2009, 194 (2) 168-174; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.107.048686 #

(16) Treasure, J., and Russell, G., (2011) The case for early intervention in anorexia nervosa: theoretical exploration of maintaining factors. The British Journal of Psychiatry Jul 2011, 199 (1) 5-7; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.bp.110.087585

(17) Couturier J, Isserlin L, Lock J. Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Dissemination Study. Eating disorders. 2010;18(3):199-209. doi:10.1080/10640261003719443.

(15) Whitney, J., Murray, J., Gavan, K., Todd, G., Whitaker, W., and Treasure, J., (2005) Experience of caring for someone with anorexia nervosa: qualitative study The British Journal of Psychiatry, 187 (5) 444-449; DOI: 10.1192/bjp.187.5.444
http://bjp.rcpsych.org/content/187/5/444.full

Beat (2015) Pwc report: “The costs of eating disorders Social, health and economic impacts“ https://www.beateatingdisorders.org.uk/uploads/documents/2017/10/the-costs-of-eating-disorders-final-original.pdf

(21) Investigating the needs of carers in the area of eating disorders: Development of the Carers’ Needs Assessment Measure (CaNAM). / Haigh, R; Treasure, J. In: European Eating Disorders Review, Vol. 11, No. 2, 03.2003, p. 125 – 141

(17) Couturier J, Isserlin L, Lock J. Family-Based Treatment for Adolescents with Anorexia Nervosa: A Dissemination Study. Eating disorders. 2010;18(3):199-209. doi:10.1080/10640261003719443.

(14) Depestele, L., Lemmens, G. M. D., Dierckx, E., Baetens, I., Schoevaerts, K., and Claes, L. (2016) The Role of Non-suicidal Self-Injury and Binge-Eating/Purging Behaviours in the Caregiving Experience Among Mothers and Fathers of Adolescents with Eating Disorders. Eur. Eat. Disorders Rev., 24: 257–260. doi: 10.1002/erv.2428.
https://lirias.kuleuven.be/bitstream/123456789/515350/1/experiencesNSSI_BP_revision.pdf

(8) Kaye, W. H., Wierenga, C. E., Bailer, U. F., Simmons, A. N., & Bischoff-Grethe, A. (2013). Nothing Tastes as Good as Skinny Feels: The Neurobiology of Anorexia Nervosa. Trends in Neurosciences, 36(2), 10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.003. http://doi.org/10.1016/j.tins.2013.01.003
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3880159/pdf/nihms441412.pdf

(4) Haedt-Matt, A. A., & Keel, P. K. (2011). Revisiting the affect regulation model of binge eating: A meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessment. Psychological bulletin, 137(4), 660. doi: 10.1037/a0023660
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3100657/

Other Resources

References